Permainan politik uang dan pemakaian kekerasan telah semakin menggejala dalam politik Indonesia. Namun disisi yang lain, ada kecenderungan bahwa reformasi juga telah dibajak oleh elit politiknya. Pemilihan umum berjalan secara regular, partai dan parlemen berkembang dan relatif mengemban fungsinya, desentralisasi bisa berjalan tanpa gejolak yang berarti dari daerah. Tidak diragukan bahwa reformasi politik Indonesia berhasil membangun institusi-institusi dasar demokrasi. Generally, the conflict in Papua only partly follows the prevailing opinion about the tension between ‘Papua’ and ‘Jakarta’ or ‘Indonesia’. As a result, the aspirations of legislators are all too often detached from the reasons for demands for more sovereignty cherished among the majority of Papuans whose frustrations about ineffective governance are ever-increasing. A brief discussion of the behaviour of certain Papuan political players shows that many of them are enthused by an environment that is no longer defined singly by centralised state control but increasingly by regional opportunities to control state resources and to make profitable deals with national and international commercial ventures. This chapter investigates the histories of regional identities and Papuan elite politics to map the current political landscape in Papua.

While the national decentralisation policy aims at accommodating anti-Jakarta sentiments in the regions and intends stimulating development, it augments contentions within the Papuan elite that go hand in hand with ethnic and regional tensions and increasing demands for more sovereignty amid communities. Indonesian language version of 'Erring ecentralisation and elite politics in Papua' This book chapter focuses on conflicts in the Province of Papua (former Irian Jaya) evoked by the recent devolution of power of administrative functions in Indonesia.

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